What Is a Sensor?
A sensor is an electronic device that detects changes in physical or environmental conditions — such as light, heat, motion, pressure, or flow — and converts them into electrical signals that can be read and processed by control systems like PLCs (Programmable Logic Controllers) or microcontrollers.
In automation, sensors enable systems to "perceive" their surroundings, providing real-time data that drives automated responses, safety mechanisms, and process optimization.
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How Sensors Work
Every sensor operates based on a detection principle, converting a measurable physical quantity into an electrical output.
Here’s a simplified process:
1. Detection – The sensor senses a change (e.g., temperature rise, object movement, pressure drop).
2. Conversion – It converts that physical change into an electrical signal (analog or digital).
3. Transmission – The signal is sent to the control unit for interpretation and action.

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